Thursday, September 16, 2010

SOME IMPORTANT ONE MARK QUESSTIONS IN MATHEMATICS


ELEMENTS OF NUMBER THEORY:
1. Define Divisibility relation in N and Z.
2. State Division algorithem.
3. Define GCD of two integers
4. Define prime and composite numbers. Are 0 and 1 prime numbers? Composite
numbers?
5. Define the congruence relation in Z and express in terms of divisibility


MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS:
1. Define transpose of a matrix with example.
2. Define equality of matrices
3. Define multiplication of matrices
4. Define symmetric and skew symmetric matrices and give examples.
5. If A is a matrix of order mxn and B is a matrix of order nxp. Do AB and BA exist? If
so what are their orders?
6. Define the minor and cofactor of an element of a determinant of a matrix (aij)
7. Define Adjoint of a square matrix.
8. Define singular and nonsingular matrices .
9. Deine Inverse of a square matrix.
10. Define a)Characteristic matrix b)Characteristic polynomial c)characteristic
equation d) characteristic matrix of a square matrix (each carries 1M)
11. Stae Cayley Hamilton theorem.


GROUPS
1. Define a binary operation * on a non empty set S.
2. Define associative axiom for an algebraic structure (S, *)
3. Define a group.
4. Define an abelian group and give an example of non abelian group
5. Define a semi group with example.
6. Define a subgroup of a group and give an example.
7. Give an example of finite subgroup of a finite group.
8. Is union of two subgroups a subgroup? Give reasons.


VECTORS
1. Define coplanar vector
2. Define position vector of a point.
3. Define collinear vector.
4. Define scalar product of two vectors.
5. Define Vector product of two vectors.
6. Define scalar triple product of three vectors
7. Define vector triple product of three vectors.


CIRLCES:
1. Define the power of the point w.r.t circle
2. What is the condition for any line to be tangent to a circle?
3. Define Radical axis of two circles and find its equation.
4. Define Radical centre of three circles
5. Define Orthogonal circles.



CONIC SECTION
1. Define parabola , ellipse, Hyperbola in terms of locus of point (Each carries 1M)
2. Define Latus rectum.
3. Define auxiliary circle for a)an ellipse b) a hyperbola (each carries 1M)
4. Define directrix of the parabola as a locus.
5. Define the director circle for an ellipse/Hyperbola


COMPLEX NUMBERS
1. Define modulus of complex number
2. Define the conjugate of complex number
3. State Demoivre’s theorem


CALCULUS:
1. Define Differential coefficient of a continuous function
2. What is the formula for finding the derivative of a function at a particular point from
the first principles?
3. Define a)right hand derivative b) left hand derivative of f(x) at x=a.
4. State Chain Rule of differentiation.
5. Define the length of the sub tangent and subnormal of a curve at any point.
6. Define Increasing and Decreasing function
7. Define maximum and minimum points of a function.
8. State Fundamental theorem of Integral calculus.
9. Define Differential equation.
10. Define order and degree of a differential equation

IMPORTANT BIOLOGY QUESTIONS


II PUC Biology - Important 5 MARK Questions


If you are an average student, just listen. There are about 140 five mark questions in biology including practicals!
Thank God; you need not to study all these 140 questions to score a first class, not even 40 questions.
Here is ‘6 SETS’ of five mark questions. One of the questions from each SET will appear in the board exam. If you
study following 30 questions, I promise you 30 MARKS.
I have been achieving cent percent results in the three years of my service. I hope my promise will become true,
don’t forget to remember me in the exam hall!


SET -1
1. Transpiration Pull Theory with one merit and Demerit
2. Stewards starch hydrolysis theory with merit and demerit
3. Potassium Pump theory by Levitt
4. Munch’ s mass flow hypothesis with merits and demerits ( translocation of solutes)
Study above 4 Theories .You score 5 MARKS! (100% sure)


SET-2
Schematic representation of:
1. Cyclic photophosphorylation
2. Non cyclic photophosphorylation /Z-scheme
3. Calvin Cycle or C-3 cycle/ dark reaction
4. Gycolysis /EMP pathway
5. Krebs’s cycle/citric acid cycle/TCA cycle
Study above 5 Schematic representations. You score 5 MARKS! (100% sure)


SET – 3
1. V.S of human Heart
2. Structure of human respiratory system
3. Structure of Nephron/ Uriniferous tubule
4. Sagittal section of human brain
Study above 4 Diagrams .You score 5 MARKS! (100% sure)



SET- 4
1. Spermatogenesis with scheme
2. Ultra structure of human sperm
3. Oogenesis with scheme
4. Generalized structure of ovum
5. Mechanism of fertilization with diagrams
6. Cleavage in frog egg with sketches
Study above 6 descriptions (all are easy to study) .You score 5 MARKS! (100% sure)


SET- 5
Practical questions from botany
1. Dicot stem T.S
2. Monocot Stem T.S
3. Dicot Root T.S
4. Monocot Root T.S
5. Dicot Leaf (Dorsiventral Leaf) T.S
6. Monocot Leaf (Isobilateral Leaf) T.S
Study above 6 Diagrams .You score 5 MARKS! (100% sure)


SET – 6
Practical questions from zoology
1. Myelinated neuron
2. T.S of small intestine
3. Structure of graafian follicle
4. T.S of mammalian testis
5. Areolar tissue
Study above 5 Diagrams .You score 5 MARKS! (100% sure)

Most possible Questions
Here are sets of other most possible five mark questions (easy to study).


SET-1
1. Mendel’s dihybrid cross experiment
2. Incomplete dominance in mirabilis jalapa
3. Multiple allelism – ABO blood group
4. Inheritance of colour blindness/haemophilia
    Study above 4 questions .You score 5 MARKS! (90% sure)


SET -2
1. Physiology of digestion of proteins
2. Physiology of digestion of carbohydrates
3. Mechanism of working of human heart
4. Origin and conduction of heart beat
5. Transport of carbon dioxide in blood
6. Physiology of urine formation
7. Hormones secreted by neurohypophysis of pituitary.
Study above 7 questions .You score 5 MARKS! (90% sure)


SET-3
1. Structure of phloem with diagram
2. Intrastelar secondary growth in dicot stem
3. Extra stelar growth in dicot stem
4. Types of xylem vessels with diagram
5. Types of meristem based on position
Study above 5 questions .You score 5 MARKS! (90% sure)

IMPORTANT CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS


                                       


I. METALLURGY; (4H—6M)


1. What is an ore? 1M


2. How is ore concentrated by a)gravity process b) Forth flotation process c)Magnetic       separation.—–2M


3. How is zinc extracted from zinc blende?—4M(very imp)


4. How is gold extracted by cyanide process?—4M(very imp)


5. with a neat labeled diagram explain etraction of Mg from sea water.—-4M(very imp)


6Explain a) zone refining.—2M


II. ATOMIC STRUCTURE;(6H—–9M)


Explain the formation of spectral lines in hydrogen spectrum on the bases of Bohrs theory.—4M
State a)Paulis exclusion principle. b)Hunds rule c) (n+l) rule –2M(very imp)
Write the electronic configuration —-1M
State postulates of bohrs theory.—3M(very imp)
Write a note on quantum numbers—-4M
III.PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS;(4H—-6M)


1. State modern periodic law.—1M


2. Define a) electron affinity b)ionization energy c)electronegativity d)atomic radii.—-2M


3. trends— along the periods—1M, along the group—1M


IV. OXIDATION NUMBER;(3H—-5M)


1.Calculate oxidation no. of a) Cromium in potassium dichromate b) Manganese in pot. Permanganate c) Sulphur in sulphuric acid


2. Balance the fallowing equation using oxidation no. concept


a)MnO 4- + Fe 2+ —–>Mn 2+ + Fe 3+


b)


V. s-BLOCK ELEMENTS; (3H—-4M0


1. Write the general electronic configuration of s- blok elements—1M


2. Write the causes due to which lithium exhibits diagonal relation ship with magnesium.(very imp)


4. How does sodium reacts with water?


5. How do atomic size and ionization energy of alkali metals change with increase in atomic number?—-2M


VI. p- BLOCK ELEMENTS; (3H—-5M)


1. Give any two differences between diamond and graphite.—-2M(very imp)


2. What are fullarenes?—1M


3. Discuss the structure of diamond and graphite—-4M(very imp)


4. Write a note on semiconducting property of silicon and germanium.—4M




VII. CHEMICAL BONDING; (7H—-10M)


1. Write Born Habers cycle for the formation of sodium chloride.——3m(very imp)


2. Give the differences between sigma and pi bond—2M


3. Explain a) sp3 hybridisation taking methane as eg. b) sp2 hybridisation taking ethene as eg. c) sp hybridisation taking ethyne as eg.—-4M(very imp)


4. With the help of VSEPR theory explain the structure of a)water molecule b) ammonia molecule——3M(very imp)


5. What is a hydrogen bond? Give eg(very imp)


VIII. STOICHIOMETRY; (8H—-12M)


1. Define the term a) equivalent mass of an element b)atomic mass of an element c) Equivalent mass of acids - 2M(very imp)


2. Problems on a) chloride method b) oxide method—2M


3.Define the term vapour density. Deduce the relation between vapour density and mol. Mass.—–5M(very imp)




4. Determination of mol. Mass of a volatile liquid by victor Mayers method—5M(very imp)


5. What are indicators?—1M


6. Derive the normality equation N1V1=N2V2 —3M(very imp)


7. Problems


IX. STATES OF MATTER- THE GASEOUS STATE; (5H—8M)


1. State a)Boyles law b)charles law c) grahams law d) Daltons law of partial pressure. —-1M


2. Write the postulates of kinetic theory of gases.—4M


3. Derive an expression for pressure exerted by a gas (PV=1/3 mnc2 )—4M(very imp)


4. Problem on kinetic energy—calculate K. E. of 2 mole of nitrogen at 300K.—2M(very imp)


5. Write vanderwaals equation and explain the terms.—2M(very imp)


X. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS-1; (5H—-8M)


1. What is a) an open system b) isolated system c)closed system—1M


2. What is an a)extensive property b) intensive property—1M


3. Calculate workdone  when 2 mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly at 300K from 10 atm.pressure to 2 atm pressure.—2M( or volume)(very imp)


4. Define the term a) enthalpy of combustion b) enthalpy of formation c) enthalpy of transition d) enthalpy of solution e) enthalpy of neutralization—2M(very imp)


5. Why enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid with strong base is always constant.-2M(very imp)


6. Write the equation which relates ?H and ?E.—1M


Thermochemical problem —-4M—very imp.


XI. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM; (5H—8M)


1.What is meant by rate of chemical reaction. What is the significance of +ve and –ve term?—2M


2. What are the factors which affects rate of a chemical reaction?—2M


3. Defin equilibrium constant.—2M


4. Write the equation which relates Kp and Kc and explain the terms—2M + problems


5. Derive an expression Kp for —–


a) N2+3H2<—>2NH3(very imp)


b)PCl5<—>PCl3  +Cl2(very imp)


c) 2HI <—> H2 +I2(very imp)——4M


6. Problems on Kp = Kc (RT) ?n —-2M


7. With the help of Le cheteliers principle explain effect of temp. conc. And pressure on the equilibrium system a) N2 (g) + O2 (g) ? 2 NO ( g) ? H = +180kJ


b) 2SO2  +O2<—>2SO3 ? H = – 189 kJ————-3M


XII. SURFACE CHEMISTRY; (3H—5M)


1. What is an a ) adsorbate b) adsorbent ——-1M


2. Distinguish between physisorption and chemisorption ——2M(very imp)


3. Write the mathematical form of a)Freundlich adsorption isotherm b)Langmuir adsorption isotherm and explain the terms.—2m(very imp)


4. What is homogeneous catalysis? Give an example.—2M


5. What is heterogeneous catalysis? Give an example.—2M


6. What is positive catalysis? Give an example.—2M


7. What is negative catalysis? Give an example.—2M


8. What are active centers ?—1M


9. What are catalytic poisons ? give ex.—-2M


10 . What are catalytic pramoters ? give ex.—-2M


11. Give any two industrial applications of catalysis.—2M


XIII. AIM AND SCOPE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1H—1M)


What is chemotherapy?—-1M
XIV. COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; (3H—5M)


How is carbon and hydrogen detected by copper oxide test.?
With a neat labeled diagram explain detection of carbon and hydrogen byleibigs method.—4M(very imp)
Problem – calculation of empirical formula using percentage composition.—3M very imp.






XV; CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE; (3H—5M)




IUPAC naming of compounds—2M
What is a functional group?—1M
What is a homologous series?—2M
With an example explain
a) chain isomerism b)position isomerism c)functional isomerism——-2M —very imp.
XVI; HYDROCARBONS -1 (6H—9M)


How is ethane prepared by Kolbes electrolytic reaction.—2M
Explain the free radical mechanism of chlorination of methane.—3M(very imp)
State Markownikoffs rule and explain the mechanism of addition of hydrogen halide to propene.—-4M(very imp)
How is cycloalkanes are prepared from a) dihalo alkanes b) calcium salts of dicarboxylic acids .—–2M each
How is benzene and toluene isolated from coal tar?—–4M(very imp)
Explain Fridel crafts reaction with an example.—2M(very imp)
How does benzene reacts with a) nitrating mixture b)chlorine in presence of Fe c)conc. Sulphuric acid.—-2M each
How is a) HDPE B)LDPE are prepared?—2m EACH
Name the monomer unit of buna-s
Write the formula of isoprene.—1M
XVII; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN; (6H—9M)


What are trihydric alcohols? Give an example.—2M
What are sec. alcohols give an ex.—2M
How is rectified spirit manufactured from molasses.—4M(very imp)
What is the action of a) PCl5 b)conc sulphuric acid on ethanol—-2M each(very imp)
Explain williumsons ether synthesis reaction with an example. —2M very imp.
How does phosphorous penta chloride reacts with diethylether –2M
How do you convert chloro methane to methoxy methane.—2M


practicals-(very imp)


Study of chemical reactions of acid radicals——–5M


How do you determine heat of solution of potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate in the laboratory?—5M
How do you determine heat of neutralization of HCl and NaOH in the laboratory?—5M


How is equivalent mass of Mg or Al determined by aspirator method?—5M
How is mol;ecular mass of oxygen determined by aspirator method?—5M
How is equivalent mass of Cu determined by oxide method?—5M

Monday, September 6, 2010

II PUC PHYSICS PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS


PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS
1.To determine the focal length of convex lens by shift method & radii of curvature by Boy's                 
   method& refractive index of convex lens at least 4 trials 
2.To Verify Ohm’s law and the law of combination of resistors in parallel method[at least 4 trials]
3. Determine the resistivity of the material of the given wire using meter bridge (At least 4 trials for
    finding resistance).Length of the wire = 1.5 mtr
4.Determine the temperature coefficient of resistance of the thermistor using a meter bridge.
   [ at  least 4 trials]
5.Determine the current sensitivity of the given pointer galvanometer .Take at least three sets
   readings.
6. Determine the self-inductance of the given coil by direct method. Take at least three sets of
    readings. Frequency of AC = 50 Hz
7. Determine “ BH “ at the given place using tangent galvanometer. Take at least three sets 
    of readings. Circumference of the TG coil = 50 Cm.
8. Determine the specific heat of the given liquid by electrical method. specific heat of the material
    of the calorimeter c=385J/kg-k.
9. Draw the characteristics of the given semi-conductor diode and calculate its forward 
    resistanc & Knee voltage.
10.To convert galvanometer into a voltmeter of given range .sensitivity of the galvanometer=1.5x
     10 –5A/div The Resistance of galvanometer = 95Ω Voltmeter range = 2 Volts
11.To determine the internal resistance of a cell using potentiometer at least 4 trials.
12 To determine dispersive power of material of a prism for blue &green colour using spectometer.
     Angle of prism a =60degree

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS-II P.U.C.- PHYSICS




I. GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

  1. When lateral shift is is zero? (1M)
  2. What is TIR? And write its conditions. 2M
  3. What is an optical fiber? Mention two uses of optical fiber. 2M
  4. What is lateral shift? Mention factors in which it depends. 2M
  5. Obtain an expression for the lateral shift produced by a rectangular glass slab
       due to refraction through it? (5M)------+problem
  6. What is a normal shift? Obtain an expression for the normal shift produced an
      object in denser medium viewed from rarer medium? ( 5M)-------- +problem
  7. What is a thin prism? Write an expression for deviation produced by it. (2M)
  8. Write an expression for R.I. In terms of A&D. Of a prism. (2M)
  9. Define angular dispersion. By dispersion of light (VIBGYOR) which colour has
      least critical angle ? (2M)
10. Mention the conditions of dispersion without deviation(1M)
11. Mention the condition of dispersion without deviation. (1M)
12. Define dispersive power & obtain an expression for it. (4M)
13. Write an expression for power of spherical surface in terms of RI
      and radius of curvature.
14. Define magnification. Write an expression for magnification in terms of u and f.
      (2M)
15. Mention the difference between a convex and a concave lens . (2M)
16. Write an expression for focal length of combination of two thin lenses
      separated by a distance. (2M)
17. Derive the relation connecting n, u v& R for a refraction at a spherical surface
      for a point object in a denser medium producing a virtual image.(5M) --- +problem
18. Derive the lens maker’s formula. (5M)

II. PHYSICAL OPTICS
18. Who proposed wave theory of light? (1M)
19. Name the scientist who confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves.(2M)
20. What is the significance of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory of light? (2M)
21. What is a photon? Who proposed quantum theory of light? (2M)
22. What are coherent sources? Mention the condition for it. (2M)
23. What are thin films? Give one example. (2M)
24. What is the interference of light? State the condition of constructive &
      destructive interference in terms of path difference. (5M)
25. Obtain an expression for interference fringe width in a double slit
      experiment.(5M)
26. What is diffraction of light? Mention its types. (2M
27. What is a grating? Mention one application of it. (2M)

28. Distinguish between Fresnel & Fraunhofer diffraction of light. (2M)
29. Distinguish between interference & diffraction of light. (2M)
30. State & explain Raleigh’s criteria of limit of resolution .(4M)
31. Write an expression for resolving power of microscope .(2M)
32. Write an expression for limit of resolution &resolving power of telescope .
      (4M)+problem
33. Define polarisation of light.show that plane of vibration and plane of polarization in
      a tourmaline crystal. (2M)
34. What is double refraction? Distinguish between O-ray & E-ray. (2M)
35. What is a Polaroid? Mention two uses of it. (2M)
36. Define optical activity and specific rotation of optically active solution. (2M)
37. Define circularly and elliptically polarized light. (2M)
38. Define Brewster”s law.Show that reflected & refracted rays are perpendicular to
      each other at the polarising angle of incident.(5M)------ +problems
39. Name the scientist who experimentally measured the speed of light first time. (1M)
40. Give the value of speed of light by Michelson’s rotating mirror experiment. (1M)
41. Mention two importance’s of speed of light . (2M)
III ELECTROSTATICS
1. Distinguish between electric intensity & potential. (2M)
2. State Coulomb's law in electrostatics (2M)
3. Write an expression for Coulomb’s law in vector form. (2M)
4. Define one coulomb. Give SI unit of permittivity of free space. (2M)
5. Distinguish between polar and non-polar dielectrics. (2M)
6. State dielectric polarization. (1M)
7. Define electric dipoles. Write an expression for the torque acting on an electric
    dipoles. (2M)
8. State Gauss theorem. Obtain an expression for electric field at any point near the
    surface of the charged conductor using Gauss theorem. (5M)
9. State Gauss theorem. Obtain an expression for electric field at any point near the
    spherical charged conductor using Gauss theorem. (5M) ------ + problem
10. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point due to a point charge.(5M)
     + problem
11. What is capacitance of a capacitor.? (2M)
12. Write an expression for capacity of spherical conductor. (2M)
13.How does capacitance of parallel plate capacitor depends (2M)
14. Write an expression for energy stored in a capacitor (2M)
15. Write an expression for capacitance of cylindrical capacitor. (2M)

16. Obtain an expression for effective capacitance of three capacitors in series or
     parallel.(5M) +problems
IV. CURRENT ELECTRICITY
17. State Ohms law. Mention its limitations. 2M
18. Define drift velocity. And internal resistance of cell. (2M)
19. What is a super conductor? Give an example. (2M)
20. What is a thermistor? How does resistance of a thermistor vary temp. ?2M
21. Mention two applications of a thermistor?.2M
22. Derive the expression for branch currents when two resistors are in parallel. 2M
      +problems
23. .Obtain an expression for the effective resistance of three resistors in parallel .
       5M +problems
24. Obtain an expression for the current in a resistance connected across a battery
      2M
25. State the Kirchhoff’s' laws . and mention its significance. 2M
26. Draw the circuit diagram of Wheatstone's network. Mention its balanced
      condition.2M
27. Obtain the condition for balance of a Wheatstone network by applying Kirchhoff’s'
      laws 5M +problems
28. State reduction factor of tangent galvanometer.2M
29. State & explain Laplace law.5M +problems
30. Give the initial adjustment of TG. (5M)
31. What are magnetic elements of earth? And give tangent law. (2M)
32. Give the theory of TG. 5M +problems
33. Obtain an expression for the magnetic field at any point on the axis of a circular
      coil carrying current.5M +problems
34. Write an expression for the force between two conductors carrying currents. 2M
35. Give the condition of attractive and repulsive force between two parallel
      conductor carries current. (2M)
36. State Fleming’s left hand rule 2M
37. Give the expression for torque acting on a current loop kept in a magnetic field. 2M
38. Give the theory of moving coil galvanometer. 5M +problems
39. How is galvanometer converted in to an ammeter & a voltmeter? 5M +problems
40. State & explain Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction. 5M
41. State self induction of a coil . Mension its SI unit. 2M
42. State Fleming’s right hand rule 2M
43. Write an expression for energy stored in a coil. 2M
44. What is average e.m.f of an a.c ? Write the relation between r.m.s and peak value
      of an a.c
45. What is meant by impedance of A.C circuit 2M +problems
46. Derive an expression for the alternating e,m,f. When a coil is rotating in a uniform
      magnetic field. 5M
48. Show that the voltage leads the current by π/2 in A.C circuit containing pure
      inductance. 5M +problems
49. What is resonance in an A C circuit? 2M
50. Derive an expression for current in an AC circuit containing series LCR elements.
      5M +problems
51. Explain the terms self induction & mutual induction (2M)
52. Draw a diagram of ac meter and explain power loss in a transformer. (2M)
V MODEREN PHYSICS
1 . Name two types of electron emission.
2. What are Fraunhoffer lines? (2M)
3. Define specific charge of electron and write its value. (2M)
4. Distinguish between line spectra and band spectra. (2M)
5 . Define the term threshold wavelength & stopping potential. (2M)
6. Derive an expression for Einstein's photoelectric equation (5M) +problems
7. Define photoelectric effect .explain experimental observed facts of photoelectric
    effect (5M)
8. Mention two uses of photocell. 2M
9. State & explain postulates of Bohr's theory of Hydrogen atom. 5M
10. Derive an expression for the energy of electron in the nth Bohr orbit of the
      hydrogen atom. 5M +problems
11. Obtain an expression for the velocity & radius of the electron in the nth Bohr orbit
      of the hydrogen atom. 5M +problems
12. Derive an expression for the frequency of electron in the Bohr hydrogen atomic
      model. 5M +problems
13. What are the characteristics of nuclear force.2M
14. Explain the characteristics of a nucleus with reference to its size, charge, density
      & mass 5M
15. Give Einstein's mass energy relation 2M
16. Explain the term mass defect & binding energy curve. 5M +problems
17. Distinguish between nuclear fission & nuclear fussion. 5M
18. What is NMR? Give one application of it. (2M)
19 Give the charge of α,β & γ rays. (2M)
20. What is radioactivity? Name the types of radioactive radiations. 2M
21. Define half life period & mean life? 2M +problems
22. State Soddys group displacement laws 5M
23. State & explain laws of radioactive decay. Deduce an expression for the no. of
     atoms of radioactive element at any instant of time . 5M +problems
24.What are matter waves? Write an expression for de Broglie wavelength. (2M)
25.What is working principle of electron microscope? (2M)
26.What is scattering of light? Name the types scattering of light. (2M)
27.What is Raman effect? Mention its two uses. (2M)
28.What are stocks and anti-stocks lines ? (2M)
29. What is LASER? Give the two properties and uses of laser. (2M)
30.Draw a neat labeled diagram of ruby laser. (2M)
31.Name the types of elementary particle give an example. (2M)
32.What is a lepton? Give an example. (2M)
33.What is AND and OR gate ? give its symbol. (2M)
34.Write truth table and Boolean equation of NOT gate. (2M)
35.Name two types of liquid crystals. Give the two properties and uses of liquid
     crystals. (2M)
36. What is an emulsion? Give an example. (2M)
37. What is gel and foams ? Give an example. (2M)
38. Classify conductor, semi conductor & insulator on the basis of band theory of solid
     5M
39. Distinguish between intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors.2M
40. Distinguish between p- type & n-type semiconductors. 2M
41. What is rectification? Explain with a circuit diagram the working of diode as full
      wave rectifier. 5M
42. What is rectifier? Explain with a circuit diagram the working of diode as half wave
       rectifier / full wave rectifier 5M
43. What is a transistor? Explain the action of a npn transistor as an amplifier .5M
44. What is a photo diode? Write the symbolic representation of it. (2M)
45. What is forward and reverse bias of a diode. (2M)
 

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